William H. Johnson was born in South Carolina and attended the National Academy of Design in New York. His teacher, Charles Webster Hawthorne, raised funds to send Johnson to France to continue his studies. Johnson won the Harmon Foundation Gold Medal in 1929. Later, Johnson set up a studio in Harlem, New York, and became an active contributor to the cultural efflorescence known as the Harlem Renaissance. Johnson spent some time in Europe, where he met and eventually married Danish textile artist Holcha Krake. Upon his return to America around 1938, he joined the WPA Federal Art Project. His assignment was a teaching post at the Harlem Community Art Center. Much of Johnson’s later art focused on his southern roots and his life in Harlem, which he captured in flat, simplified, and colorful forms, inspired by folk art.

After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and America went to war, Johnson produced numerous paintings and prints that explored the contributions of African Americans to the war effort. Training for War depicts African American soldiers at a training camp. Johnson approaches this subject with humor, but also touches on racial segregation. The uniformity of the figures suggests the rules and regulations required by the armed forces that result in regimented conformity.

Powell, Richard J. Homecoming: The Art and Life of William H. Johnson. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1993.